This phenomenon just isn't surprising because the underlying metallurgical processes produce large portions of low-worth metals resembling copper and silver (see Fig. i beneath Section b of the complement). As we encounter multi-output processes right here, we'd like to use allocations (see Section 2). Because just one refinery is processing these scraps and because the refinery data are confidential, we agreed to publish only the information allotted for the product output of the prepared low-value scraps (lv). Figure 5 compares the overall influence results of the three affect classes land use, HumToxCan, and GWP of the gate-to-gate inventories of case B (see Section 3.1), divided into the five different materials sorts chemicals, electricity, natural gas manufacturing, and combustion in addition to tap water per 1 kg Au. Because these knowledge weren't course of-particular and since it was concluded from the interior discussions that water isn't internally circulated, it was assumed that the amount of wastewater is equal to the enter mass of auxiliary materials (e.g., chemicals) plus the non-worthwhile scrap fraction (see Table 1). The first course of information for this process had been scaled right down to the per-quantity-of-wastewater-basis (ww) and then extrapolated utilizing the aforementioned wastewater amount.

The supplies required for multiple processes, corresponding to electricity, are usually not duplicated incorrectly. Table 1 reveals the information of the granulation of all scrap inputs, particularly, the excessive-worth scraps (e.g., jewellery and coins), the low-worth scraps subjected to numerous electrolysis processes, and the incinerated sweepings. A extra detailed analysis reveals that a big part of the different results comes from the preparation of low-worth scraps. The aggregated inventory for the electrolytic preparation of the different low-worth scraps is supplied in Table 1. The fabric designation "wastewater, internal" signifies that this wastewater enters the interior wastewater treatment unit and is circuitously piped into the municipal sewage system. Further information on the abbreviations of the affect classes and their related models can be discovered within the Supplementary material Section c. A comparability of the affect results of gold scrap recycling obtained within the context of this research as offered in Fig. 4, with the abovementioned ecoinvent v.3.5 LCA datasets on the gold price today from WEEE recycling and mining, is shown in Fig. 6. For this evaluation, the mannequin with allocation by the monetary worth was chosen as a result of, on the one hand, this technique is the allocation technique used within the ecoinvent v.3.5 datasets, and alternatively, this mannequin ends in worse impacts, and with a conservative analysis we don't run the danger of optimistically representing the study outcomes.

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